Portrait of James Mark Baldwin

James Mark Baldwin

American philosopher and psychologist

Lived
1861–1934

Updated September 2026

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About James Mark Baldwin

James Mark Baldwin was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at Princeton and the University of Toronto. He made important contributions to early psychology, psychiatry, and the theory of evolution, for example, evolutionary biology's Baldwin effect was named after him.

Biography from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0. Photo via Wikimedia Commons.

Sources: book lists and dates from Wikidata and Open Library, ratings from Open Library readers, free texts from Project Gutenberg. Last updated September 2026.