William Playfair

British mathematician, engineer and political economist

Lived
1759–1823

Updated September 2026

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About William Playfair

William Playfair was a Scottish engineer and political economist. The founder of graphical methods of statistics, Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. Playfair has been reported to have been a secret agent for the British Government, although this has sometimes been a subject of controversy.

Biography from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sources: book lists and dates from Wikidata and Open Library, ratings from Open Library readers, free texts from Project Gutenberg. Last updated September 2026.